• The expression of GLUT receptors

  2022-04-01

  

  The expression of GLUT receptors throughout the body could be considered a potential source for off-target effects even for engineered glucose-conjugated nanomedicines, as there are at least 12 types of GLUT transporters in the body, including GLUT1 in erythrocytes and the blood-brain barrier, as we

• A number of GCK activators for treating

  2022-04-01

  

  A number of GCK activators for treating T2D have been developed and tested but not progressed successfully from clinical trials into therapy [45]. Our observations suggest that increased risk of hypoglycemia might be possible, particularly if drugs penetrate into brain. A further possibility is that

• Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped

  2022-04-01

  

  Analysis of genomic neighborhoods has helped resolve questions concerning the orthology of receptors for peptides similar to glucagon (Ng et al., 2010, Irwin and Prentice, 2011, Wang et al., 2012, Hwang et al., 2013). Using a diverse array of species with available genome sequence (see Fig. 4) the g

• Previous researches about ghrelin focused primarily on

  2022-04-01

  

  Previous researches about ghrelin focused primarily on gastrointestinal functions [30], energy balance [31], weight [32], and more recently on anxiety [33], [34], [35] and depression [36]. Here, we provided the first demonstration that chronic peripheral or central ghrelin treatment to CUMS rodents

• Further research should indeed focus

  2022-04-01

  

  Further research should indeed focus on understanding the nutritional value of food and its effect on metabolism, overall activation of metabolic NRs network. Moreover, given the prominent role of microbiota in the modulation of the FXR signalling (Degirolamo et al., 2014), there is enough impetus t

• FPR ligands comprise structurally very diverse classes

  2022-04-01

  

  FPR ligands comprise structurally very diverse apoptosis of compounds, ranging from naturally occurring peptides/proteins or “danger signals” such as PAMPs and DAMPs (see 1.1), respectively, to endogenous lipids and even various synthetic non-peptides, such as benzimidazoles, pyrazolones, pyridazine

• Clinical data showed TAK was rapidly absorbed with a half

  2022-04-01

  

  Clinical data showed TAK-875 was rapidly absorbed with a half-life of 28-30h and clearance primarily through glucouronidation in the liver with minimal urinary clearance [30]. TAK-875 made the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels fall significantly from baseline after 24-week administration in onc

• Following these discoveries the term ferroptosis was coined

  2022-04-01

  

  Following these discoveries, the term ferroptosis was coined in 2012 [25], to describe this iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form cell death induced by erastin and RSL3. This discovery was accompanied by the development of the first small molecule ferroptosis inhibitor, termed ferrostatin-1, and the de

• The cortical actin filaments are arranged in a network

  2022-04-01

  

  The cortical 5104 australia filaments are arranged in a network abuting the plasma membrane with a thickness of ∼190nm in living cells, that displays highly dynamic behaviors 15, 16, 17. Technical challenges, however, have hampered investigation of the detailed function dynamic interactions between

• br Nanoscale Cortical Actin Remodeling in Regulated Exocytos

  2022-04-01

  

  Nanoscale Cortical Actin Remodeling in Regulated Exocytosis The network of cortical Atractyloside Dipotassium Salt receptor is formed by numerous fine actin filaments, which are only about 10nm in diameter [52]. Although the microscale role of the cortical actin network in vesicle exocytosis is

• While the dogma of the

  2022-03-31

  

  While the dogma of the mainstream considers Hippo pathway as a series of size-controlling kinases, there were still some controversial data supporting that YAP, a vital oncoprotein of Hippo downstream, is antagonistic to regenerative proliferation [[20], [21], [22]]. Known for its expansion-driving

• br Regulation of HO expression under conditions of ischemic

  2022-03-31

  

  Regulation of HO-1 expression under conditions of ischemic cardiac damage Heart is a vital organ with high metabolic demand, rich in mitochondria and it is very vulnerable to oxidative damage [85]. Disruption in coronary blood flow following MI leads to hypoxia (a reduction in the amount of avail

• In this new therapeutic era nucleic

  2022-03-31

  

  In this new therapeutic era, nucleic tiotropium bromide amplification tests (NAATs) remain critically useful. NAATs are recommended to detect HCV RNA in blood following initial serologic diagnosis of HCV infection, to distinguish between spontaneous resolution and progression to chronic infection [

• Background Chronic hepatitis C virus HCV infection

  2022-03-31

  

  Background Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major public health concern, with 71 million people infected worldwide [1]. Treatment options have improved with the availability of interferon-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies with cure in >95% of people [2]. However, broadening

• br Discussion The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin conti

  2022-03-31

  

  Discussion The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin continues to be an important agent against life threatening infections. However, nephrotoxicity is a major complication of the gentamicin administration. Thus amelioration of nephrotoxicity would enhance its clinical use. Several approaches invo

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