• Targeting the BCR is the ideal strategy to identify

  2024-12-02

  

  Targeting the BCR is the ideal strategy to identify the antigen reactive B cells. However, there is concern that B cells could be activated when BCR are bound and cross-linked by antigens, a possibility that is obviously negative for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Proby et al. (2000) tried to

• Osteocytes the most abundant cells in an adult skeleton are

  2024-12-02

  

  Osteocytes, the most abundant cells in an adult skeleton, are essentially mature osteoblasts that are surrounded by the products they secreted (Noble and Reeve, 2000). Osteocytes serve as mechanosensors that direct bone remodeling and that regulate the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (Bone

• The synthesis and secretion of adrenal androgens is apparent

  2024-12-02

  

  The synthesis and secretion of adrenal androgens is apparently unique to humans and nonhuman primates, and requires the expression of key mediators such as CYP17 [26]. Endocrine control of CYP17 expression in rhesus monkeys is comparable to that in humans [27]. An analysis of baboon cDNA for CYP17 s

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgments This research has

  2024-12-02

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgments This research has been supported by the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund 2013 of Chulalongkorn University (CU-56-341-AS) and the Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund (RA55/22), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University. The authors commemorate the 100th Anniversary of

• From an historical perspective ligands for GPCRs adrenaline

  2024-12-02

  

  From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, AZD1152 or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous ligands were ra

• br Implications for cancer ROS have a long

  2024-12-02

  

  Implications for cancer ROS have a long history of being involved in the development and progression of cancer and increased ROS level is considered as a hallmark of many tumors [76], [77]. Initially, it was thought that ROS would serve as chemical mutagens that would indiscriminately damage cell

• br Concluding remarks br Definition Prion

  2024-12-02

  

  Concluding remarks Definition Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are caused by an unconventional agent that is neither bacterial nor viral, but is in essence an infectious misfolded amyloidogenic protein, termed a prion (Prusiner, 1982). Once considered highly controvers

• Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs

  2024-11-29

  

  Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades including Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. The spatiotemporal abundance of this Ca2+/CaM complex determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, resulting in LTP (Malinow

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion Aminopeptid

  2024-11-29

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Aminopeptidase N is a transmembrane protease present in a wide variety of human tissues and cell types (endothelial, epithelial, fibroblast, leukocyte). APN expression is dysregulated in inflammatory diseases as well as in solid and hematologic tumors

• br Possible complementarity of trimming pathways

  2024-11-29

  

  Possible complementarity of trimming pathways Determining the exact pathway for the generation or destruction of MHCI peptide ligands by ERAP1 is important for our understanding of the shaping of the immunopeptidome and for designing inhibitors that can manipulate it. It is also possible however

• Thus we presumed that ALDH

  2024-11-29

  

  Thus, we presumed that ALDH1A3 might play an important role in TMZ-chemoresistance in glioblastoma patients. As we expected, the glioblastoma cell lines and primary glioma ACP-196 were more sensitive to TMZ treatment when ALDH1A3 was inhibited or depleted. Consistently, it has been shown that downr

• Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is

  2024-11-29

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic PF-06447475 receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathogenesis of MG. E

• Of note core autophagy factors also play an important

  2024-11-29

  

  Of note, core autophagy factors also play an important role during the infection of host cells by another type of picornavirus, namely, echovirus 7. ATG16L1 was found necessary for entry/internalization into Caco-2 polarized epithelial cells because the virus accumulated on the surface of ATG16L1-de

• lgk974 br Transparency document br Acknowledgments

  2024-11-28

  

  Transparency document Acknowledgments This work has been supported by the National Eye Institute (NIH) Grant 5R01EY023315-02 (MA). This study was also supported in part by National Center for Research Resources Grant S10RR027926 for the lipid analysis and by James and Jean Culver Vision Discov

• Since obesity appears to impact leptin and adiponectin

  2024-11-28

  

  Since obesity appears to impact leptin and adiponectin levels in opposite manners, several studies have suggested that the serum adiponectin/leptin ratio may be a key parameter in indicating the relative risk of postmenopausal breast cancer (Ollberding et al, 2013, Cleary et al, 2009). Therapeutic s

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