• Looking at results across sub periods note first that the

  2018-11-09

  

  Looking at results across sub-periods, note first that the absolute values of β in all sub-periods are larger than those for the entire 1872–2000 period. Thus, the processes of convergence of income per capita anda labor productivity in the different sub-periods were not reinforcing but reversing th

• Seaweeds contain a variety of potentially bioactive

  2018-11-08

  

  Seaweeds contain a variety of potentially bioactive compounds some of which are not present in terrestrial plants. These compounds include, for example, proteins such as lectins or phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, pigments, polyphenols, phlorotannins and certain polysaccharides. They may have health-

• R428 cost br Results br Discussion In this

  2018-11-08

  

  Results Discussion In this study, we investigated the mode of developmental commitment and competence toward the DE and NE lineages in hESCs in response to changes in Nodal/Activin signaling activity. Four days of enhanced Nodal/Activin signaling was sufficient to commit hESCs toward the DE li

• Several pancreatic cancer cell lines and human tissue

  2018-11-08

  

  Several pancreatic cancer cell lines and human tissue samples were surveyed for cell surface, intracellular, and functional markers. CD20, CD24, CD44, CD133, CD184 (CXCR4), CD326 (EpCam), Sox-2, and OCT3/4 were examined in established pancreatic cancer cell lines. The functional marker, i.e., SP, wa

• br Results br Discussion We transiently coexpressed Er Gata

  2018-11-08

  

  Results Discussion We transiently coexpressed Er71, Gata2, and Scl during mesoderm formation stage in differentiating ESCs and greatly augmented hemangioblast generation, while near-completely blocking cardiac output. Similarly, we could convert hematopoietic field of the anterior lateral plat

• Misregulation and aberrant expression of lncRNAs are increas

  2018-11-08

  

  Misregulation and aberrant expression of lncRNAs are increasingly associated with disease states (Wapinski and Chang, 2011; Batista and Chang, 2013; Fatica and Bozzoni, 2014). Similar signaling pathways (e.g., Jak-Stat, PI3K/AKT) and transcription factors (e.g., Myc, Stat3) activities support stem c

• This finding is consistent with our

  2018-11-08

  

  This finding is consistent with our observations in human fetal RG cells (Mo and Zecevic, 2008), indicating that in both cell populations Pax6 affects proliferation as well as neuronal fate. Numerous studies have reported the successful transplantation of hESC into rodent brains (Kelly et al., 2004

• In William Russell and Rex Burch classified humane animal

  2018-11-08

  

  In 1959, William Russell and Rex Burch classified humane animal experimental techniques under the headings of replacement, reduction, and refinement — now commonly known as the three Rs. Replacement means the complete substitution of a given animal experiment by one or several alternative tests that

• br Results br Discussion Graft failure

  2018-11-08

  

  Results Discussion Graft failure and rejection for patients with acquired SAA remains as one of the important and life-threatening complications, especially in haplo-HSCT (Wagner et al., 1996; Passweg et al., 2006). The EBMT showed that for patients receiving HLA-identical sibling grafts, the

• Using the potent Src family kinase inhibitor A we

  2018-11-08

  

  Using the potent Src-family kinase inhibitor, A-419259, we also explored the role of SFK activity in hES cell fate. Treatment of hES chemokine receptor with this inhibitor blocked all endogenous Src-family kinase activity, including that of c-Src and Lck. As a consequence, hES cells treated with the

• Paprotrain Early studies demonstrated that primitive cells

  2018-11-08

  

  Early studies demonstrated that primitive Paprotrain are readily converted into iPSCs (Kim et al., 2008; Kleger et al., 2012; Tsai et al., 2011). Thus, we expected that Lgr5+ cells would be susceptible to reprogramming. Unexpectedly, Lgr5+ cells from HFs and MEFs showed more resistance to early rep

• Based on our results we propose a panel of

  2018-11-08

  

  Based on our results, we propose a panel of potential hiPSC protein markers from the above-mentioned 22 proteins (Supplementary Table 12). We intentionally used three previously characterized stem cell lines (hiPSC: iNC-01, SB5-MP1 and hESC-H9) in our proteomic study. The genomic methylation profile

• Pluripotent stem cell marker analysis iPSCOCT express plurip

  2018-11-08

  

  Pluripotent stem cell marker analysis: iPSCOCT4 express pluripotent markers SSEA3, TRA-1-60, OCT4, NANOG and SOX2 as measured by flow cytometry (Fig. 1E). Pluripotent functionality: iPSCOCT4 are capable of three germ layer differentiation capacity as assessed by in vivo teratoma assay (Fig. 1F).

• The following is the supplementary data

  2018-11-08

  

  The following is the supplementary data related to this article. Authors\' contributions O.F. contributed to prepare experimental design, performed Ca measurements, helped with data and statistical analysis, immunocytochemistry, confocal imaging, and contributed in manuscript writing. Disclos

• In the parenchymal niche found in the adult anterior

  2018-11-08

  

  In the parenchymal-niche found in the adult anterior lobe, SOX2-positive notch inhibitor were more densely connected to each other than in the MCL-niche, and formed dense cell clusters by E-cadherin (Fig. 1). We previously demonstrated that CAR and ephrin-B2 specifically localize at the apical cell

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